Henderson Island
Geography
It is an elevated coral atoll. There’s not much fresh water (small amount of rainwater may occur in pools). What’s more, there are poor soils, which make the island unsuitable for agriculture. There are three main beaches, to the north, north-west and north-east. The rest of the coast is made of limestone cliffs, up to 15 m high. There are many endemic plants and animals.
Other names: San Juan Bautista, Elizabeth Island
Location: 24.35°S 128.32°W, about 200 km from Pitcairn Island.
Area: 37.3 km² (9.6 km long and 5 km wide)
Highest point: about 30 m
Population: uninhabited
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| Map of Henderson Island |
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| Henderson Island |
History
Between the 12th-15th centuries – the island was inhabited by Polynesian. The island might have been a dependent colony of Mangareva.
29 January 1606 - Spanish expedition commanded by Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovered the island. It was named San Juan Bautista.
17 January 1819 – The Island was rediscovered by British ship Hercules. It was named Henderson Island after Captain James Henderson.
2 March 1819 - Captain Henry King in the Elizabeth landed on the island. It was named Elizabeth Island.
20 December 1820 – A crew from sank whaleship Essex arrived at the island in three small rescue boats. On 27 December the boats sailed for South America, leaving three members of the crew on Henderson Island. They were rescued on 9 April 1821.
1902 – The island was annexed to the British Empire.
1988 - Henderson Island was listed as a World Heritage site.
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| Southwest Coast |
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| Northwest coast |
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| North West Beach |
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| Northwest Beach |
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| Henderson Island |
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| Coastal cliffs |
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| North Beach |
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| East Beach |
Source
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